SELECT @@version; : DB Version
SELECT @@hostname; : Hostname and IP
SELECT database(); : Current DB
SELECT distinct (db) FROM mysql.db; : List DBs
SELECT user(); : Current user
SELECT user FROM mysql.user; : List Users
SELECT host,user,password FROM mysql.user; : List password hashes
List Tables (and Columns)
SHOW TABLES (only works for current database)
SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns (full dump)